Landslide risk on Santorini: effects of heavy rainfall or new earthquakes.
Events Following Numerous Tremors
Since the initiation of seismic activity between Santorini and Amorgos, a staggering number of tremors have been detected. These seismic episodes have had a significant impact on the region’s geological structure, leading to potential risks of landslides.
An inter-disciplinary team is actively examining the terrain of Santorini to pinpoint vulnerable zones where the risk of landslides is heightened. This area-specific research is crucial in addressing the consequences of over 21,500 recorded tremors.
Possible Outcomes
The outcomes of ongoing seismic activity present several possibilities for Santorini. The frequent ground movements have weakened the structural integrity of some slopes. This instability stems from pronounced geological inclines, variations in rock composition, and the differential resistance of materials within the area.
Human activity also exacerbates these vulnerabilities, making some locations more prone to deformation and failure. Without proper intervention, these areas remain at a significant risk of structural failures.
In Detail:
The Interdisciplinary Risk and Crisis Management Committee of EKPA has conducted in-depth investigations into Santorini’s landscape to assess areas of increased landslide risk.
Experts, including Efthymios Lekkas and professors Niki Evelpidou and Asimina Antonarakou, have conducted on-site research to calibrate predictive models. Their work includes meticulous observations and the strengthening of forecasting systems to prevent potential threats from materialising.
Managing the risks associated with geological instability requires seamless operational coordination. Effective communication between teams involved in evaluating and managing risks is imperative.
Coordination ensures that all stakeholders are adequately informed and that corrective measures are implemented in a timely manner to mitigate hazards.
- Most likely scenario: The gradual de-escalation of the phenomenon.
- Second scenario: An earthquake of magnitude 6 or slightly greater. In this case, there is a probability that 200-300 buildings on the caldera will collapse. The response teams are prepared to deal with this risk and measures are being taken to avoid approaching dangerous areas and to reduce overcrowding.
- Volcanic activity: No volcanic eruption is expected in the near future. Columbus is not expected to erupt in the next 10,000 years, and talk of a new volcano refers to something that could happen in 200,000 years. Consequently, these scenarios have no place at the operational planning level.
- Geological changes: Ground movements have been recorded, with the northern part of the island shifting by 8 cm and the southern part by 4 cm. These changes develop over geological time and have no influence on operational management.
- There is no likelihood of a tsunami, which is expected to exceed 3 to 4 metres according to current data. Plans are currently being made for the operational evacuation of 7,000 to 8,000 people and the adaptation of measures with regard to the tourist season is being discussed.
Structural Risks Near the Caldera
Landslide on Santorini (Video: Konstantinos Davarinos)
As many as 300 buildings situated around Santorini’s caldera could face significant structural risks. The geological instability caused by continuous seismic activity, coupled with potential landslides, puts these buildings at a heightened risk of collapse.
Monitoring and reinforcing these structures are essential to safeguarding residents and preserving Santorini’s unique architectural heritage.
Magma Activity at Kolumbo Volcano
Increased magma activity has been recorded at the Kolumbo volcano, raising concerns about volcanic eruptions in addition to the existing seismic challenges.
Monitoring this volcanic site is crucial, as any eruptive events could exacerbate the existing geological instability, further threatening the island’s safety and potentially impacting nearby islands. Regular assessments and updates are necessary to maintain safety and security in the region.
Santorini’s caldera has been swelling since the summer
The Rising Formation of the Volcanic Dome
The volcanic landscape in Santorini is undergoing significant changes.
From the summer, it has been observed that the caldera, an expansive depression resulting from volcanic activity, shows signs of uplift.
This area has risen about three centimetres, an indication that geological processes are at work beneath the surface. Such swelling can be associated with magma accumulation. It is a phenomenon that requires close monitoring to understand if this will lead to volcanic activity.
Monitoring Efforts
Monitoring these changes is crucial for understanding potential volcanic activity.
Advanced equipment, including GPS and underwater seismographs, has been deployed to track the activity.
These devices help gather data on the magma movement, offering insights into possible future events. The methods are guided by experts like Konstantinos Synolakis, aiming to produce reliable predictions.
Greek scientists, together with international partners, work to ensure comprehensive monitoring.
Potential Earthquake Risks
The region’s ongoing seismic activity points to an increased risk of earthquakes.
Santorini and the surrounding Cyclades islands have experienced multiple tremors, linked to the movements beneath the caldera. Although the full extent of the risk is still uncertain, the potential for seismic sequences necessitates preparedness.
The National Observatory of Greece plays a significant role in analysing seismic data. Their findings are crucial for informing the public and preparing for possible emergencies. This proactive approach is vital for ensuring safety in a region with a complex geological setting.
Santorini will not be like last year this year
Tourism for Everyone?
Santorini, known for its unique geological structures, remains a focus for Greek tourism. As Minister of Tourism Olga Kefalogianni noted, collaboration with experts is ongoing to ensure visitor safety. Measures are adapted based on the area’s seismic activity, highlighting the importance of effective communication and transparency to maintain Greece’s image as a safe destination.
This year, changes in operation are expected on the island. Despite seismic concerns, the popularity of Santorini remains high, with stable bookings showing strong demand. Continual updates on safety measures are essential for visitors’ peace of mind.
She also referred to the impact on business in Santorini, saying: ‘We will not be able to operate the island as we did last year.’ It is clear that measures need to be taken, but we should renew them depending on the evolution of seismic activity.’ On the fact that the Red Beach remains closed, Mrs Kefalogianni emphasised that ‘there are places on Santorini that will not be accessible for fear of landslides and because of the risk.’
The “Tourism for Everyone” initiative aims to boost domestic tourism. It opens on Monday, offering more Greeks the chance to explore their homeland’s beautiful sites under secure conditions. This programme is part of a broader strategy to support tourism businesses and sustain the industry’s vitality during uncertain times.
Economic considerations are crucial. The effects on local businesses mean adaptations are necessary. Some popular sites, like the Red Beach, remain closed due to landslide risks. Adjustments in tourist access highlight the emphasis on visitor safety, all while ensuring Santorini maintains its allure as a travel destination.
The narrative of responsive adjustment and clear communication is central to Greece’s approach. By openly addressing challenges, the country assures potential visitors that while natural phenomena are unpredictable, the response is organised and visitor-focused. This balanced approach supports both tourism businesses and travellers, ensuring Santorini upholds its status as a top choice for travellers worldwide.
Commonly Asked Questions
Earthquakes Updates in the Aegean
Recent earthquakes in the Aegean
Advice for Tourists During an Earthquake in Santorini
Tourists are advised to stay calm and seek open spaces if outside, or take cover under sturdy furniture indoors during an earthquake.
Following instructions from local authorities and emergency services is crucial for safety.
Information from the Greek Civil Protection for earthquakes (in English)
What Steps Are Being Taken to Reduce Landslides in Santorini?
Local authorities and scientific bodies are working on strategies to minimise landslide risks on Santorini.
These measures include frequent geological surveys to assess the land’s stability. Risk zones are clearly marked to notify inhabitants and tourists of potential issues. Moreover, experts recommend proper land use planning and enforcement of strict building codes.
Why Does Heavy Rain Make Landslides More Likely on the Island?
Santorini’s terrain, characterised by steep cliffs and loose volcanic soil, is highly susceptible to landslides. Heavy rainfall saturates the ground, weakening it and making it more prone to shifting. This type of precipitation can cause rapid increases in soil moisture, triggering landslides.
How Should People Stay Safe During Strong Rainstorms in Santorini?
Residents and visitors should heed warnings from local authorities and stay informed through reliable news sources.
During heavy rainfall, it’s advised to avoid areas prone to landslides, like steep hillsides. Staying indoors and having emergency plans in place are also important safety measures.
Are Systems in Place to Warn About Possible Landslides in Santorini?
There are monitoring systems equipped to detect early signs of landslides.
These systems use sensors to detect ground movements and weather changes that could signal a landslide. Alerts from these systems prompt evacuation or preparation announcements for those in danger zones.
How is Santorini’s Infrastructure Designed to Limit Landslide Dangers?
The island’s infrastructure and buildings are engineered to be resilient against landslides.
This includes the construction of retaining walls and terraces to stabilise the terrain. New buildings follow regulations meant to enhance safety and reduce vulnerability to landslide impacts.
What Previous Landslide Events in Santorini Have Provided Valuable Insights?
Historically, Santorini has experienced landslides that have taught valuable lessons.
Each incident has contributed to a better understanding of the island’s geology and the importance of preventative measures.
This historical context is utilised to continually improve safety protocols and awareness for both locals and tourists.
